Understanding Population Health: Why It’s a Reflection of Your Patients

Improving population health begins with focusing on the health of each one of your patients. To do so, we in the healthcare community—nurses and physicians alike, need to identify and engage patients—particularly those of high risk—throughout the continuum of care. These are individuals most likely to be readmitted, miss an appointment, skip medications or unable to pay their bill.

 

But how can we pinpoint these individuals efficiently when we’re often looking at multiple databases and EHRs, examining enormous quantities of unstructured data—from multiple notes fields and categories, pathology reports, radiology notes, to admission notes and everything in between—containing invaluable historical information, all entered at different times, in different ways by different people?

 

Standard EHR systems do not currently provide a way to easily synthesize and summarize patient information on the changing risk factors recorded in different EHRs to support clinical decision-making. In addition, EHRs do not capture all the data points to understand the risks patients face, nor does it prioritize care for those at high risk for readmissions or infections. Imagine then how much we could do to identify, treat and engage patients if we had a way to analyze unstructured data!

 

The primary benefit of normalizing and aggregating unstructured data is attaining a cohesive picture of the patient’s history, diagnosis, treatment, and outcome. If details around the pathology of a patient’s tumor are only recorded within the pathology note for example, then analysis cannot include such things as genomics, margin reports, laterality, size, shape or even perhaps the stage of the tumor. Including that information along with trends for an individual patient or an entire population could be valuable. Additionally, combining that information with data about the treatment and outcome of a patient—which is possibly available within textual notes fields—can provide a rich field for research and results-driven treatment.

 

Here at CareSkore, we thrive to compile—and where applicable—translate data from hospitals electronically. Through our Personalized Population Management™ platform, we’re able to identify patients at high risk of readmission and hospitalization by combining clinical and 3rd party data. We put in place standard care plans so everyone on the team knows the steps they should be taking to manage the patients. CareSkore also allows our partners to reach out to patients even after they have left the nursing facility, using our Iris module, and document the follow-up care to provide them resources as needed.

 

Fundamentally, integrated care management, leveraged by data and predictive analytics, helps nursing home administrators to:

  1. Identify and engage patient populations at-risk for poor outcomes or unnecessary intervention at a time of need and opportunity for impact
  2. Perform assessments and respond to changes in patients’ conditions to uncover problems that, if addressed through effective interventions, will improve care and reduce the need for expensive services—particularly ER visits and hospitalizations
  3. Collaborate with patients and their caregivers as well as primary care, specialty, behavioral health, and social service providers and show hospital partners they can perform proper follow-up care
  4. Have an integrated system that provides a complete picture of expenditures and combines risk prediction software, chronic disease criteria, or utilization thresholds with patient-to-provider referrals or assessments
  5. Combines the strengths of both quantitative and qualitative approaches and brings data together from multiple sources

 

All in all, benefits extend beyond medical issues to address, to the extent possible, how patients’ psychosocial circumstances affect their ability to follow treatment recommendations and achieve a healthy lifestyle. The goals are to maintain or improve patients’ functional status, increase their capacity to self-manage their condition, eliminate unnecessary clinical testing, and reduce the need for acute care services.

 

The result? Fewer nursing visits, shorter hospital stays, better intra-office communication, faster and efficient communication between primary physician and nursing facilities, and cost savings that could pay for the expansion of EMR use in those facilities.

 

This post is an edited version originally published on McKnights.

 

Join Us at The Value Based Health Care Congress 2016

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The Value-Based Health Care Congress is just a week away and we’re excited to announce we’ll be there, standing alongside industry veterans and learning more about the state of value-based care. Under The Value-Based Health Care Congress are 3 individual tracks for providers, each covering some of the key pillars of the landscape today:

  1. The MACRA Strategy Collaborative Summit
  1. Value-Based Network and Contract Management Summit
  1. ACO Strategy Summit

We went ahead and listed some of the conference sessions around care quality and health care IT that we’ll be looking forward to attending, and hopefully you will too. Be sure to stop by the CareSkore booth in the exhibit hall to see our Personalized Population Management™ platform, and learn how your healthcare organization can improve both clinical and financial outcomes. Without further ado, here are some of the sessions that we’re excited to see (exact times subject to change):

 

1. Measuring for Value – Panel Discussion

Track and Time: Main Summit, Day 1 @2:05pm

Core quality measure sets are in place and we’ve taken a significant leap forward in providing accurate, useful information on healthcare quality that can inform decisions. The next step in this transition to value-based care rests on our ability to integrate quality and resource use performance to ultimately drive better outcomes.

  • Understand the quality-spending relationship and how it promotes provider buy-in and success in risk-based contracts
  • Learn how to incorporate the patient voice to develop meaningful measures
  • Align measures across the continuum of care to reduce burden and improve efficiency

Speakers:

David Introcaso (@HealthcareIssue)

Helen R. Burstin (@HelenBurstin) – Sr VP, Performance Measures at National Quality Forum

Kate Goodrich – Director, Center for Clinical Standards and Quality at CMS

John S. O’Shea – Sr Fellow, Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation

Stephen L. Ondra (@StephenOndra) – Chief Strategy Officer at Amida Technology Solutions

Linda Walker – VP, Health Security at AARP

 

2. Examine the Role of Health IT in Delivery System Transformation

Track and Time: MACRA Summit, Day 2 @10:45am

Healthcare IT is undoubtedly a critical piece to how we advance quality and value. ONC’s Elise Anthony gives us the catch-all on healthcare technologies—from flow of health info to patient data access, and care delivery—required for participating in CMS programs.

  • Understand how health IT is the foundation to better care, smarter, spending and healthier people
  • Learn about new health IT initiatives that can support practical needs of patients and providers

Speaker:

Elise Sweetney Anthony (@Policy2Progress) – Director, Office of Policy at ONC

 

3. Explore the Ingredients of a Health IT Value Strategy

Track and Time: MACRA Summit, Day 2 @11:30am

Implementing health IT does not guarantee success. These technologies—focused on improving care must allow stakeholders to be able to find usability and usefulness that also support processes—both business and clinical—of a value-based reimbursement system.

  • Review the HIMSS STEPS™ model and its five components
  • Identify areas where health IT has proven value and non-technical barriers to IT optimization
  • Explore potential new functions of health IT that should support value-based care

Speakers:

Peter Basch – Medical Director, Ambulatory EHR and Health IT Policy at MedStar Health

Patricia Wise – VP, Health Information Systems, HIMSS

 

4. Engage Physicians in ACO and Other Value-Based Models to improve Quality

Track and Time: ACO Summit, Day 2 @2:15pm

Successfully engaging physicians ensures that ACOs and other value-based endeavors reach potential, but that is easier said than done. It’s especially challenging when physicians continue to receive fee-for-service and value-based payments simultaneously.

  • Understand physicians’ risk-based payment and MACRA, and how to transition to a value-based mix
  • How to coordinate for optimal management of complex patients
  • Utilize integrated and actionable claims data, not multiple EHRs, and learn how to report data that demonstrates the impact of clinical decisions

Speaker:

Abigail Chen – Medical Director, Quality and Clinical Integration at Mount Sinai

 

5. Achieve Better Quality, Less Effort, and Greater Savings – How You Can Have All Three

Track and Time: ACO Summit, Day 2 @3:00pm

Through organizing information and communicating it with providers in addition to focusing on specific efforts such as cardiac and respiratory conditions, providers can improve cost and quality metrics in parallel and demonstrate the value throughout the health care community.

  • Explore feasibility of collecting and tracking patient data to understand quality performance
  • How cutting costs and increasing quality scores can earn shared savings
  • Illustrate examples of payer-provider engagement and alignment around shared objectives

Speaker:

John Haughton (@haughton_md) – CIO at Chautauqua AMP; CQO at Independent Health Plan

 

Beyond MIPS: A Look into the 90+ Clinical Improvement Activities

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Under the MACRA, providers will be reimbursed according to a composite score that reflects how well you’re providing value-based care. This composite score comprises of four key categories: the quality of care you provide, the efficiency of your resource use, meaningful use of EHR, and last but certainly not least, clinical practice improvement activities (CPIA).

 

Image - 90 Clinical Improvement Activities

A rising tide lifts all boats, right? The great part about MIPS—one of the two payment programs as part of MACRA—is that all of these metrics tie-in to improve clinical outcomes and patient engagement. This leads to cost savings, efficient resource use, and improved adoption of your EHR. Maximizing your composite score will not only affect your payments positively, but it will help you provide efficient patient care.

 

Not all activities are created equal

Certain categories are worth more than others due to their impact on patient care. High-weighted activities are worth 20 points, whereas medium-weighted activities value at 10 points. While these CPIAs only account for 15% of your total score, leveraging the highest-weighted tactics can be easy wins for your practice. Planning, completing and reporting 3 activities is much easier to pull off than 6 different initiatives. During your 90-reporting period (here’s a plan for when should start thinking about it), you must achieve 60 points by completing these clinical practice improvement activities in which there are over 90 tactics across 8 categories, in the combination of your choice.

 

Here’s a look at some of the types of activities in each category per ASCRS:

Expanded Practice Access: expanded practice hours, telehealth services, and improving access to services

Population Management: chronic care management programs, community and rural healthcare programs

Care coordination: health information sharing, timely communication and follow-up, care coordination training to handle transitions of care, and active referral management

Beneficiary Engagement: EHR to document patient-reported outcome,enhanced patient portals

Patient Safety and Practice Assessment: ongoing practice assessments and patient safety improvements, and use of tools such as the Surgical Risk Calculator

Achieving Health Equity: seeing new and follow-up Medicaid patients in a timely manner, and use of QCDR for demonstrating performance of processes for screening for social determinants

Emergency Response and Preparedness: participate in disaster medical teams or participation in domestic or international humanitarian volunteer work

Integrated Behavioral and Mental Health: tobacco intervention and smoking cessation, and integration with mental health services.

 

Choosing your activities

With several ways to maximize points in these categories, many activities may overlap and will have a bigger benefit for your patients.

Let’s take the Beneficiary Engagement and Population Management categories for example. You can implement specific programs and protocols to help patients with chronic illness like heart disease and diabetes. Helping patients manage their care at home with blood pressure testing and glucose measurements will help keep them on track and reduce the risk of readmission.

Bonus: Have a tool where patients can electronically share data and communicate with providers.

 

Convenience is king

Anything you can do to make life easier for your patients will most likely be a highly weighted CPIA. Expanding access to care with extended hours or e-visits can significantly decrease appointment cancellations or no-shows. Also, providing 24/7 real-time communication with care teams and reminders will greatly improve patient engagement and overall outcomes.

Another highly weighted activity is participation in CMS’s Transforming Clinical Practice Initiative which aims to help:

  • Exchange patient data information for the best continuity of care
  • Track patients through the entire process and integrate information from specialists to make sure care is documented
  • Coordinate phone calls, communication, navigation post-discharge
  • Communicate timely results for follow-up
  • Create individualized care plans for high-risk patients to share with other providers

 

Attaining Full Credit with Reporting

Given that the entire healthcare industry is shifting towards value-based care, reporting will be one of the most critical components within the continuum of care. If you haven’t already, begin to determine what measures you will report on and evaluate your strengths. Identify what gaps can be filled and put in the necessary plans to improve those gaps. Here at CareSkore, we envision providers getting the credit they deserve.

Through CareSkore, providers can:

  • Generate reports for measures including MACRA, PQRS, and HEDIS
  • Manage your patient population with real-time assessments
  • Understand patient data and quality metrics in order to improve outcomes

Whether it’s reporting for Clinical Improvement Activities or any of the mentioned categories, understanding your patient population through reporting is the first step to cultivating the provider-to-patient relationship.

 

Sources:

MIPS, MACRA & MU - The Next Evolution of Healthcare Payment Reform

MIPS: Clinical Practice Improvement Activities Category

MIPS Program: 2017 Clinical Practice Improvement Category Proposed Rule Guide

Federal Register - Subcategories

Medicare Program; MIPS and APM Incentive Under the Physician Fee Schedule

Transforming Clinical Practice Incentives

 

Where EHRs Fall Short: 3 Reasons Doctors Need Personalized Population Management

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Look into the center of a hospital’s information technology stack, and you’re bound to find electronic health record systems (EHRs) to be the cream of the crop, costing healthcare providers tens to hundreds of millions of dollars for implementation and use. As the core system of record within a healthcare organization, when it comes to providing the 360-degree view on any given patient or patient population, EHRs fall short on giving the complete picture.

 

The State of Electronic Health Record Systems

It’s no doubt that EHRs are critical to a hospital or health practice. An EHRs’ core capability rests on being able to store significant amounts of patient data records and is used across multiple functions—care quality, finance, and operations—within a health organization. Whether it’s capturing notes on patient encounters, insurance claim information, or data on historical visits, you name it—EHRs are effective in that regard. This, however, is what EHRs were designed to do, and nothing more; to operate as silos of unstructured data.

Storing data and interpreting data are two independent undertakings. It’s important for doctors to be able to distinguish between the two without overspending on time and resources. In order to capture the complete picture on a patient population, clinical and financial departments need a dedicated system that allows for seamless interpretation of patient data, predictability, and personalized patient communication at will. Keep an eye out for the following when looking into a population management solution:

 

 1. Predicting no-shows and patient risks

Tracking historical patient data is fundamental. But what about predicting and planning for the future? As healthcare providers continue to amass increasingly large amounts of patient data from socioeconomic to demographic inputs, not leveraging that data is an opportunity missed. Where EHRs lack, a Personalized Population Management™ can make up in value, as EHRs were not designed to predict future occurrences from their stored data. Doctors need a solution that not only enables them to manage no-show and cancellation rates but addresses dire questions like, Which patients within my population are at-risk? What are the leading factors for my patients’ risks? How can I improve the health of my patient population?

 

 2. The need to engage patients

Doctors and physicians want to spend more time doing what they do best: caring for their patients, not trying to make sense of high volumes of unstructured data. When relying on EHRs for patient engagement, physicians and nurse practitioners can face barriers; meeting personalized demands, usability issues, unnecessary workload. What doctors and physicians seek is a tool that not only gives back lost time from using EHRs but a tool that enables bi-directional patient communication even when patients leave the premise. This calls for a communication medium to be put in place dedicated to engaging patients and helping doctors get what patients need when they need it.

 

 3. Meeting regulatory reporting requirements

One thing is true. It’s becoming much more difficult for doctors to focus on their population. While the rise of the health IT landscape was meant to automate certain tasks, the reality is it’s taking up more and more of a doctor’s time. With new reporting and payment regulations underway, doctors must have a solution fixated to handling this department. EHRs alone aren’t enough and extracting data from these systems can be a daunting task. Orchestrated in alignment, however, EHRs and predictive analytics make a formidable pair. Together as the bread-and-butter of the health IT stack, EHRs and predictive analytics empower healthcare providers to capture data, interpret it for actionable insights—regardless of complexity or magnitude—and help providers with their patients in the continuum of care.

 

Personalized Population Management does not replace an EHR. Rather, Personalized Population Management complements a robust EHR system. In this new era of healthcare, predictability tied with communication and reporting gives doctors the ability to ultimately improve their financial and clinical outcomes and focus on what matters most, the patient.

 

The Medicare Access and CHIP Reauthorization Act (MACRA) is underway to completely change how healthcare providers approach medicare payments. Are you ready? Join us as we discuss how to approach MACRA in our upcoming webinar, MACRA: Addressing the Transition.

 

I Will Keep Them From Harm and Injustice (Part 1)

Part 1: Identifying and Reducing Readmissions Rates

Oliver Leung CareSkore

 

It’s no secret that America’s health care system needs intensive care. $180 billion is wasted every year on operational inefficiencies, and the condition is not improving. This is largely attributed to a fee-based system that incentivized volume over value.

In 2010, the Affordable Care Act made health care providers an offer they couldn’t refuse — a mandate to increase efficiency or feel the pain of stiff financial penalties. This ideology shifted the practice from fee for service to value-based care. Loved it or loathed it, health care providers are forced to play with the cards they were dealt with.

As with all illnesses, we begin with identifying the symptoms of a broken health care system, so we can follow through with a diagnosis and treatment. In this ten-part series, we will:

  • Identify the most pressing challenges facing our health care system
  • Address opportunities for improvements, and
  • Make recommendations for enhancements

Finding solutions to fix our health care system won’t be resolved overnight, but it is prudent to focus on the elements that are causing inefficiencies. Then implement noninvasive solutions that are quick, intelligent, and cost-effective.

 

Challenge #1: Readmission

When our vehicle breaks down, we go to the mechanic to get it fixed. We expect our vehicle to function after our visit because it is part of a mechanic’s duty of care.

Similarly, a doctor’s obligation is to treat patients with a level of care that is consistent with the Hippocratic Oath. Unlike a machine, however, humans can’t be recalled. We either heal, deteriorate or perish. Readmissions are a serious threat to not only our health but to our health care system.

By far, Medicare bears the greatest burden of readmission and is the gold standard by which health care providers measure performance on. The three greatest preventable conditions for Medicare readmissions are:

  1. Congestive heart failure (24.5%)
  2. Septicemia (21.3%)
  3. Pneumonia (17.9%)

The conditions above cost hospitals over $4.3 billion. The government (and ultimately the taxpayer) foots 43% of our national health bill. Consequently, hospital reimbursements have recently been restructured under the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) in October 2012. The program focuses on patients who are readmitted within 30 days for high-cost or high-volume conditions and procedures. Specifically, heart attack, heart failure, pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), hip/knee replacement, and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG).

The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program is designed to improve the quality of care by incentivizing the reduction of hospital readmissions and penalizing underperforming hospitals.

 

Oliver Leung CareSkore Readmission Rates

 

Since the initiation of the program, readmission rates have declined 1%, from more than 19.0% to less than 18.0%. Although this is an improvement, 50% of hospitals received readmission penalties of up to 3% for failing to meet the national readmission benchmark.

The financial cost is merely a symptom of the problem. Readmitted patients are preventable and increase demand for doctors who already have long waitlists. It also places a hindrance on society since patients are required to take repeated time off work or home care. In short, remitted patients are not given the proper treatment, which is simply poor quality of care.

 

Opportunity: Preventing Readmission

Readmission rates are calculated using discharge data for each hospital from the three years prior to the year in which the penalty is assessed. According to the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS), The two criteria for evaluating the impact of readmissions are volume and costs. To understand the impact of these variables, we need to look at the data that drives the numbers.

The average readmission rate for the top ten high volume conditions among Medicare beneficiaries is 19.6%. Simply put, nearly 1 in 5 patients return for preventable retreatments.

However, the quality of care is not solely dependent on hospital care. Hospitals serve patients of varying risk profiles. External factors such as socioeconomic status and demographics come into play and should be taken into consideration.

Despite these discrepancies, there are currently no provisions in the Health care Readmissions Reduction Program to account for these external factors. This could adversely (and often unfairly) impact the perception of a health care provider. These external data sets are largely unaccounted for but have a significant impact on patient readmission.

 

Recommendations: Patient-centered care.

There are ways to mitigate the risk of patient readmission. It begins with intimately knowing your patient. This may sound daunting at first, but it can be easier than you think.

The difference between a stranger and a loved one is data. With a friend, you know what appeals to them as much as what repulses them.

In the same way, health care providers can leverage data to determine whether a patient is considered at risk of readmission. But data itself is inert. It can’t predict and won’t prevent readmissions on its own. Therefore, health care providers need to aggregating and normalizing the data in order to understand the probability of readmission. Only then can you make accurate decisions.

Finally, patients need to be nurtured throughout their medical journey. Patient engagement is like following through on your golf or tennis swing. It takes practice, but it will certainly improve your game.

It starts with asking, “How have you been?” It’s simple, but not easy. Engaging your patients is very involving and can take tremendous resources from your admin staff. So new technologies such as CareSkore actively engages patients using artificial intelligence (A.I.) to prevent readmissions from occurring.

“A spoonful of sugar helps the medicine go down…”
Reducing readmissions isn’t a trivial task, but it is one that deserves attention. Readmissions prevent doctors from seeing fresh patients, disrupts the wellbeing of a patient, and drives costs to health care providers. There are early indicators that the health care industry is adopting methods to reduce readmissions. Not only because it is mandated by the government, but because prevention is better than treatment. Solutions are available to transform hospitals from a destination to a journey.